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ThailandINTRODUCTION A popular destination for tourists and backpackers, Thailand offers a broad range of sights and adventures for every kind of traveler. Whether sunbathing poolside at the award-winning historic Oriental Hotel in Bangkok or sea-kayaking in the surf of Krabi, visitors will discover a host of ways to relax and play. But though Thailand offers myriad forms of R&R, its crowning attraction is its diverse and fascinating culture. From the soaring golden spires of Bangkok’s Buddhist temples or wats to the awe-inspiring ruins of ancient cities like Ayutthaya, Thailand's marvelous sights define the heart of a kingdom with an independent history stretching back more than 700 years. Unlike its neighbors, which include Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Myanmar (Burma), Thailand was never colonized by a Western power, a testament to Thai resourcefulness and pride. These attributes are reflected in many facets of Thai culture, from its delicious and varied cuisine to the riveting national sport, muay thai (better known to Westerners as Thai boxing). From colonial days to the present day, Thailand has staked its prosperity on presenting a welcoming face to visitors. Whether travelers come from neighboring countries or from the West, Thailand accommodates them all with a smile. Of course, the smile has a special place in Thai etiquette. Unlike most Western cultures, Thai communication style places a high value on saving face and keeping a jai yen or a "cool heart." Most Thais will strive to make their interactions with foreigners pleasant at all costs, no matter how they may actually feel about their visitors. But conscientious travelers who make a point of keeping their own jai yen will quickly discover that Thailand deserves its reputation as "The Land of Smiles." Thailand stretches 1860 kilometers north to south, giving it one of the most varied climates in Southeast Asia. From the jungle-covered mountains of the north flow river tributaries, which snake through central Thailand and drain into the Gulf of Thailand via the Chao Phraya Delta near Bangkok. Thailand's political, economic and cultural centre lies on this delta, which is covered in picturesque rice paddies that reflect the cloudy blue sky. Elsewhere in the country, 32 wildlife sanctuaries and 66 national parks provide ample opportunity to explore Thailand's eye-popping flora and fauna. Tigers, leopards and elephants are to be found roaming the jungles, which boast an incredible profusion of fruit trees, bamboo, tropical hardwoods and Thailand’s national floral symbol: the orchid. Thailand is described by travellers as “the most exotic country in Asia”. Its diverse culture, rich heritage and scenic beauty comprise a kaleidoscope of wonders that will pique any traveller's thirst for adventure. KNOW BEFORE YOU GO Capital: Bangkok Major City: Chiang Mai Climate: Tropical. Though temperatures are cooler in the northern mountains and warmer on the southern isthmus, travelers should expect heat and humidity wherever they travel, with monsoon rain from May to September. Languages: Thai and English Currency: Baht (100 baht = $3 U.S.) Power: 220 V 50 Hz Time Zone: UTC + 7 ATTRACTIONS For the Adrenaline Junkie The traveller who likes to play hard will find a wide variety of heart-pounding activities to try in Thailand. For the nautically-inclined, many southern resorts offer sea kayaking in the surf of the Gulf of Thailand. Other beachside sports include waterskiing, wakeboarding, jetskiing, fishing, windsurfing and canoeing. In the northern mountains, Mae Hong Son offers 5 levels of whitewater rafting, so both experienced and beginner rafters can participate. In the Chiang Mai region, travellers can find package tours that include both elephant rides through the jungle and rides down the Mae Ping River on traditional bamboo rafts. In the Nothe Mountains, mountain bikers and rock climbers can get their fix, whether on a day trip or as part of a tour that includes van support and accommodations and meals along the route. Hikers and campers are in for a special treat, as many outfitters offer jungle treks that include visits to hill tribe villages. For a Relaxing Holiday The traveler in search of rest and relaxation will find ample opportunity for both in virtually every part of Thailand. In the mountains of the north, several lush valley resorts offer mist-covered vistas, luxurious accommodations, and chances to explore the gorgeous countryside, whether by foot, by motorcycle or by elephant. Many rainforest national parks offer guided tours, and local wats and historical sites can be explored as well. Wat Doi Suthep, perched on a mountaintop above the city of Chiang Mai, is a true gem, with courtyards shaded by flowering trees and sweeping views of the metropolis below. In central Thailand, the low-key traveler can absorb the country's history by visiting the historical parks of Sukhothai, Lop Buri, Si Satchanalai and the legendary Ayutthaya. Buddhist temples are another highly-recommended destination for art, culture and enlightenment, and they are quite tourist-friendly. Phra Pathom Chedi in Nakhon Pathom boasts the tallest Buddhist monument in the world, while the Grand Palace and Wat Pho in Bangkok are not to be missed. Travelers can explore by themselves or hire a guide, but modest clothing and attention to etiquette are especially important when visiting Buddhist sites. When it comes to relaxation, Thailand's destination par excellence is the jaw-dropping beaches of the southern peninsula. Accommodations exist for every level of affordability and luxury, from beachside huts fitted with hammocks to five-star resorts with private spas. In addition to sunbathing and swimming among one of the most beautiful settings in the world, travelers will also discover a host of other leisure activities, including snorkeling, shopping and boat tours of the islands. RESTAURANTS Thailand is a paradise for travellers in search of delicious cuisine. Thai food is celebrated the world over, and for good reason -- its freshness, variety and wide range of flavors and textures make every dining experience an adventure. Moreover, it is an adventure that won't break the bank -- some of the most delicious food in Thailand is to be found on the carts and kiosks set up along sidewalks and in markets, for less than 100 baht ($3 U.S.). It's always a good idea to be cautious when dining on street food -- make sure the vendor keeps foods at proper temperatures and cleans his utensils. But if there's a big line in front of a stall or cart, it's a good sign that the food will be delicious! Most vendors know that farangs (foreigners) prefer their food a little less spicy. With the small expense and wide variety, travellers will find it rewarding to try anything and everything. The Western favorite, pad thai, is a good place to start, but there is much more to explore. Curries, satays and noodle dishes are invariably delicious, but sometimes the sublime is found in the unusual. Try sticky rice cooked inside bamboo for breakfast, or listen for the "tam tam tam" sound of a mortar and pestle to try som tam, a spicy green papaya salad. When in doubt, be adventurous -- Thai cuisine specializes in making even the strangest ingredients taste delicious. Travelers with food allergies may have a difficult time dining in Thailand, where peanuts and fish find their way into virtually everything. However, it is possible to stay safe and still enjoy the delicious cuisine. A translator or guide is the allergic traveller's best friend, but since many dishes are made to order it is possible to get by simply by knowing the Thai word for the food in question. Being able to say "mai" ("no") and being able to communicate that the food will make you sick is generally enough to get the point across. Another strategy that can be effective is to get a fluent Thai speaker to write "I am allergic to ______; please do not put it in my food" on a piece of paper to show to cooks and waiters. NIGHTLIFE Thailand was the R&R destination for American soldiers during the Vietnam War, and this facet of its heritage is reflected in the bright neon and thumping music of its nightlife. Most large cities and all popular tourist locations will boast several options for the night owl, from dance clubs and bars to upscale watering holes and restaurants. Bangkok is famous for its girlie bars, but the conscientious traveller will remember that amid the fun there is a significant amount of human exploitation occurring. When exploring areas like Patpong, it is important to be safety-conscious, but the traveller may also want to be more aware of the origins of the imitation designer goods for sale in the street or the dancers at the bars. Thailand's current citizenship laws make it difficult for tribal young people to receive education and get jobs, and many young people end up working in sweatshops or being trafficked into the sex industry. While this is certainly not the case for all young women working in clubs or bars in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, it is an important fact to consider when out on the town. LODGING Thailand is a busy tourist destination and it is comparatively easy to find accommodations to suit any budget. However, it is always a good idea book in advance where possible. Soneva Kiri Resort: Kood Island, which is located off the Southeast coast of the Gulf of Siam, is home to the Soneva Kiri Resort. This five star resort is dedicated to providing the best possible service, and the largest selection of activities for its guests. Entertainment includes tennis, culinary classes, astronomy classes, gardening classes, water sports, sightseeing tours, etc. Besides being a luxury retreat, Soneva is also concerned with protecting the magnificent natural environment that is its home. The limited accommodations are adorned with furnishings that were crafted from renewable resources. The high-class cuisine is supplied by the organic garden grown on the property. In fact, guests can inquire about the Eco-Villa which is a zero carbon emissions accommodation that will allow you to contribute to environmental sustainability. The remarkable colors of the Thai rainforest and sandy beaches will not only lure you in, but it will teach you the importance of protecting that beauty. PERSONAL EXPERIENCES 
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